Throughput in lte
Throughput in lte. The relation between EARFCN and the carrier frequency in MHz for the downlink is given by the following equation, where FDL_low and NOffs-DL are given in Table 5. ) and will be 50% over the required capacity for backhaul in which case it’s investment in Mar 14, 2023 · This Page provides LTE Max (Maximum) users capacity calculator based on CCE. Modulation Techniques in LTE. It is observed that average cell throughput decreases by up to 24. slow download, blocking, etc. This can occur due to distance from the cell tower or obstacles like Jul 12, 2022 · Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks have transformed the mobile business, as users increasingly require various network services such as video streaming, online gaming, and video conferencing. Simply put, the code rate can be defined as the ratio of the data rate that is allocated for a subframe and the maximum data rate that ideally can be allocated in the subframe. Both Ericsson and Huawei user throughput formula taken into consideration this. Almost whole of this site is about LTE. Additional assumption about the UL MIMO throughput is that each Component Carrier has the same configuration so the throughput increase is in direct proportion to the number of RF carriers. 22 Mbps LTE throughput calculator formula. The throughput at 9. g. In LTE systems, 41% of sub-carriers are considered unused which introduces spectral data throughput has been the key metric recently [9 –11]. MIMO is one such technology that enhances the transmission layers by deploying multiple antennas both for transmission and reception. Jan 1, 2019 · Fig. In LTE-A network, an efficient resource partitioning scheme is needed to increase the system throughput through the mitigation of Inter Cell Interference (ICI). Supports TDD, FDD and SDL, Carrier aggregation and MIMO This site is for everything on 4G/LTE. . 8 km, the throughput further declined to 1 Mb/s. HERE, HERE, HERE and HERE. 101: 5. Jan 2, 2024 · One obvious ML use case is modeling DL-Throughput since measurement data throughput has been the key metric recently [9,10,11]. The spectral efficiency is simply the number of bits transmitted over a frequency bandwidth in a specific time and is measured in bits/s/Hz. But still there would be some possibility of RLC layer issues especially related to fragmentation and timing issues due to following reasons : Jan 11, 2024 · Although similar to DL throughput, UL throughput has special considerations to take when analyzing performance issues on a network. Jul 26, 2021 · Request PDF | Throughput Prediction using Machine Learning in LTE and 5G Networks | The emergence of novel cellular network technologies, within 5G, are envisioned as key enablers of a new set of Jul 31, 2011 · • Average throughput or spectral efficiency versus average SINR table (link level result) For urban channel model and a fixed inter-site distance of 1732m,downlink throughput for LTE for different values of SINR is shown below. Transmission Mode . g, Voice over LTE, on-line Gaming etc. It is recommended to read OFDMA/SC-FDMA sections to clearly understand throughput calculation in LTE. Synchronous HARQ – used in LTE Uplink transmission. Calculator is based on 3GPP 36. Network latency is an expression of how much time it takes for a data packet to get from one designated point to another. LTE throughput depends on the following parameters: Bandwidth; Channel quality In this theory, LTE would have less problems since LTE can have very large data pipe that can carry a whole C-Plane/U-Plane packet with single transmission. This article explains the impact of control overhead especially PDCCH and the procedures that can be used to optimize it. 1 For example, the throughput prediction can be a solution that can improve quality in video streaming applications such as YouTube or NetFlix [2]. Calculate the maxium theoretical throughput of a specified LTE Configuration. 22 Mbps LTE throughput calculation formula or equation. In some environments, latency is measured by sending a packet that is returned to the sender -- the round-trip time is considered the latency. Simply select network type and type in the LCID/CID. Although LTE is commonly referred to as 4G LTE, LTE is technically slower than 4G but still faster than normal 3G. Sep 13, 2017 · At the distance of roughly 11. LTE is rapidly gaining momentum for building future 4G cellular systems, and real operational networks are under deployment worldwide. What is Ideal/Expected throughput ? One of the most common questions that I have been getting for the past 10 years or so (probably from early HSDPA period and all the way up to now) was 'I have a UE with such and such category, what kind of throughput I need to get from this device ?' (Usually they carry the document like 36. The objective of this research is to enhance the sum throughput of macrocell through This LTE throughput Calculator is used for calculation of throughput as per 4G LTE standard. network latency. In other words, it means "The code rate is defined as the ratio between the transport block size and the total number of physical layer bits per subframe tha But all of these values drops at the beginning and increase around the end of this section. Introduction. Throughput prediction plays an important role in real-time video and audio streaming services that require low-latency network protocols. So, I have decided to write about the various aspects which can help in LTE throughput optimization. The selected LTE parameters, which are highly Jul 14, 2015 · LTE is rapidly gaining momentum for building future 4G cellular systems, and real operational networks are under deployment worldwide. ii) Low throughput does not necessarily mean low CQI. There has been a series of posts for LTE Throughput computation in both FDD and TDD. , modulation, coding, power) for each data stream based on the channel conditions, maximizing data throughput. Many papers have been developed to improve the throughput of TCP traffic. initial throughput is multiplied by 2 or 4 either MIMO 2x2 or MIMO 4x4 selected, respectively. cnr. To achieve high throughput performance, in addition to an advanced physical layer design LTE exploits a combination of sophisticated mechanisms at the radio resource management layer. But as LTE come out and become more widespread, we foresee more real time application based on data traffic which would belong to profile (C), e. Latency slows down throughput, which, in turn, lowers throughput and delivers poor network performance to users. This work models and predicts the DL-Throughput by utilizing LTE data measurements to train supervised ML models. 61% for high network load (Table 7). The models are initially validated on the LTE network and then applied to a non-standalone 5G network. BLER (in LTE) = Number of erroneous blocks / total number of received blocks The calculation is based on CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) evaluation which is used for inspection the transport blocks at receiver side. Mar 3, 2024 · LTE Throughput Optimization is one of the most frequently discussed topic. Dec 26, 2023 · The LTE frequency band is divided into subcarriers, and a PRB represents a specific set of these subcarriers. LTE - RLC Factors . Hi All,There are lot of new member joined so i a This site is for everything on 4G/LTE. Code Rate . PDCP, RLC and MAC). Download: Download full-size image; Fig. Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks have transformed the mobile business, as users increasingly require various network services such as video Jul 11, 2022 · Differences Between LTE and 5G. Following equation/formula is used for this LTE throughput calculator. This is a simple and straightforward formula for data rate calculation. Example 1: SNR (SINR) vs Throughput in a LTE Live Network . There is a clear advantage of Verizon UL, most likely due to the aggregation with the 20 MHz band 66 LTE carrier and the proximity of the location to the BS enabling higher modulation Enhancing throughput performance in LTE-Advanced Hetnets with buffered Fractional Frequency Reuse Abstract: Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) is considered an attractive inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) technique for modern Heterogeneous Cellular Systems (Hetnets) due to its low complexity and minimal signaling overhead. Even with PC to PC direct connect, it is not easy to achieve this level of throughput. In good radio condition 64QAM modulation will be used for downlink. 4G LTE Network Throughput Modelling and Prediction Abstract: The past decade has witnessed a staggering evolution in cellular networks. Original code from Github. 7. Recent research has been focused on development of models to enhance the resources allocated to Device to Device Communication (D2D) within LTE-A cellular network, which is considered as promising technology for improving network throughput, spectrum efficiency and transmission delay. In live network for HSDPA, Network sends data with different transport block size depending on CQI value reported by UE. For example, if you are testing a Category 3 Max throughput case (System BW 20 Mhz, Number of RB = 100), the idea max throughput is around 100 Mbps. Since the initial LTE deployment, 2 x 2 MIMO has been the dominent feagure for most of LTE device and LTE network. Jul 26, 2021 · Second, we develop machine learning models using lower-layer metrics, describing the radio environment, to predict the available throughput. The standard channel bandwidths in LTE are divided into PRBs, and each PRB consists of 12 subcarriers. Recap the procedure, it can be summarized as follows. 815 Further Advancements for E-UTRA; LTE-Advanced feasibility studies in RAN WG4. Also Refer LTE throughput basics>> and LTE code rate calculator>> to understand the concept to derive TBS from Feb 12, 2015 · This tutorial explains how LTE downlink maximum throughput is determined. real user bit rate will be a bit lower). Clearly, this makes difficult to develop analytical tools to accurately Feb 5, 2017 · LTE THROUGPUT TROUBLE SHOOTING In this write up we will learn briefly general troubleshooting guidelines for downlink throughput in LTE networks with MIMO 2x2 The general troubleshooting strategy Jan 2, 2024 · We first performed an extensive LTE data collection in proposed locations and determined the LTE lower layer parameters correlated with UL throughput. 5G is significantly quicker than LTE. 1. (The reason is same as above) iii) With low CQI, it is for sure that you cannot achieve the maximum throughput. surname}@iit. It is because there is some subframes where you cannot allocate full RBs (100 RBs in case of 20Mhz, Cat 3). Why ? From the signaling message from the same log, this is the section where UE camps on LTE Cell. Congestion: Network congestion can reduce throughput. While LTE speeds reach 100 Mbps, true 4G offers speeds up to 1,000 Mbps. 11ac 802. LTE Throughput Calculator . Subcarrier Spacing: The subcarrier spacing in LTE can be either 15 kHz or 7. On the other hand, we need to determine how many ph Feb 5, 2024 · This article "LTE Throughput Optimization: Part 2 - Spectral Efficiency" explains data part (PDSCH) of the LTE subframe and discusses various ways to improve its efficiency. This calculator on LTE throughput is based on MCS,Number of PRBs (Physical Resource Blocks) and number of MIMO antennas. LTE code rate calculator LTE EARFCN vs Frequency converter LTE PCI calculator LTE RB calculator LTE RIV calculator LTE RSRP and RSRQ calculator LTE throughput calculator RF and Wireless tutorials WLAN 802. Define a custom measurement channel. wustl. The throughput for a device working in a live network would vary at every moment as you can see this drive test. 12 (b) shows how average cell throughput only decreases by 1. Asynchronous HARQ, on the other hand, is a technique in which the UE sends data to the base station, and the base station sends an ACK or NACK message to the UE in a later subframe. In LTE, usually they use multiple Antenna for downlink (at least from Category 3 UE and higher), meaning that eNode (Network) has use multiple Tx Antenna and UE use multiple Rx antenna. So, it is very likely that you would see low CQI when you see throughput drop in livenetwork test. Jul 26, 2020 · This video is about factors affecting Throughput in LTE. g, QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM, 256 QAM). Besides, three different scenarios are implemented in order to evaluate the 4G LTE network by traffic injection through Iperf3 application and calculating Measurement GAP for LTE and NR . It covers the same for 5G downlink throughput and 5G uplink throughput. What is the meaning of throughput in LTE :- In data transmission, network throughput is the amount of data moved successfully from one place to another in a given time period. e. In order to determine physical layer performance, we need to calculate the total physical resources available for different bandwidths of downlink transmission. 12. In WCDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA probably 'Yes', but in LTE you would still have a little low throughput than the 3GPP spec value even in PHY throughput. Use this page calculate things such as eNB ID/RNC-ID/BSIC or hex values of IDs. The equation or formula mentioned above is used for LTE throughput calculation. Poor Signal Strength: Weak signal strength) can significantly impact throughput. The 5G throughput in the downlink refers to 5G-NB to UE data rate while in the uplink it refers to UE to 5G-NB data rate. DL cell The subsequent development of LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) yielded peak throughput on the order of 300 Mbps. Open the LTE throughput analyzer app and run a user-defined measurement channel. The data rate at this step is determined only by number of REs allocated for the data and the modulation method (QPSK, QAM, 16 QAM etc). SNR, CQI and MCS. g, 100 Mbps and over) is pretty tough task not only for IP stack, but also the IP application software and CPU utilization. The key difference is 'number of subframes /sec' parts as marked in red. Feb 28, 2015 · A major problem militating against the performance of wireless cellular networks is interference. 21, Fig. For many people working in LTE, one of the most important question would be what is the maximum throughput for a network, device or network operator. Today is the start of uplink throughput computation. As LTE uses different channel bandwidths both for FDD and TDD. For this mechanism to work properly, there should be a certain level of agreement between UE and the network about "which CQI value means which transport block size". The throughput at the last step in the process can be defined as physical layer throughput. By far the most important thing to do when optimizing throughput is to minimize network latency. Example 1 > Throughput, CQI, BLER while driving on a highway LTE throughput calculator Introduction The post presents the simplest way how to calculate LTE throughput. Otherwise, below are the quick steps you can take note of and start investigating when it comes to improving LTE Throughput. 306 standard: NR User Equipment (UE) radio access capabilities and uses formula to obtain a 5G NR Throughput data rate in the DL (downlink) and the UL (uplink). For that, we will show in this paper, what and how this deficit has affected the studied network Ref. 10 we see that here too NR clearly delivers significant UL throughput improvements over LTE, for all operators. This post is to address common issues that affects downlink throughput and also to dig into possible solutions. Feb 18, 2024 · Low throughput in LTE networks can be attributed to various factors, both within the network and at the user equipment (UE) level. Finally, we suggest scaling the proposed model into the future standalone 5G network. cite those named CoMP, MIMO…Nevertheless, thanks to interference's presence, a QoS degradation could sometimes be observed. Various Machine Learning (ML) models utilized Long-Term Evolution (LTE) data measurements for the prediction process. there are three times more bits after Turbo encoder than before). Feature selection is Feb 3, 2022 · In this paper, a 4G LTE network driven by SDR hardware and software-radio-system-LTE (srsLTE) that is an open-source LTE software platform is evaluated in terms of the throughput and latency. UE Category is the set of information (parameters) that defines the maximum throughput for a UE. 6. A proprietary dataset is utilized to train and test the model. 1. Is one of the three major KPI, along with and latency and packet loss when we measured what it’s called “the integrity” network. TR 36. 3 km with a mean DL throughput of 9. LTE throughput calculator EXAMPLE: Input : MCS = 10, PRBs = 20, Number of MIMO Antennas = 2 Outputs : LTE throughput = 6. MCS and Modulation Order . Dec 29, 2022 · Throughput is a basic KPI on any LTE network. Fundamental logic of the GAP setting is same as in LTE and Legacy case as explained above. In this work, a novel and practically feasible scheduling Jul 1, 2023 · Because Downlink Throughput (DL-Throughput) holds significant importance factors for network performance, DL-Throughput prediction can be used to evaluate the quality of cellular networks. it † Department of Electrical Engineering Universitá di Palermo, Italy This example demonstrates how to measure the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) throughput performance using the LTE Toolbox™ under conformance test conditions as defined in TS36. But is there any correlation between LTE attach and RSRP/RSRQ/SINR drops ? As far as I know of, there would be no correlation. Jul 12, 2023 · The calculation is based on the 3GPP TS 38. Cell ID Calculator . TDD throughput calculation is very similar to FDD case as you see below. 2 Mb/s. 823 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Carrier Aggregation Enhancements; UE and BS radio transmission and reception. Nov 4, 2018 · In this tutorial we will learn in Telecom How to calculate lte throughput & resource block, how to calculate lte symbol duration, how to calculate lte data r Jan 15, 2015 · Fig. There is not one factor, but a number THROUGHPUT (SPEED in MBPS) CALCULATION IN 4G LTEIn this video we have shown 4 methods by which throughput can be calculated in LTE and how various factors af LTE Throughput Calculator . The maximum data rate depends on channel bandwidth. As LTE evolves, we got increasing number of measurement gap definition and with the introduction of NR, this list got exploded as below. 36. Critical performance metrics of the cellular system, such as the cell throughput, capacity, and Jun 1, 2015 · TCP Throughput: Definition: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) throughput refers to the rate at which data can be successfully transmitted over the network. If the SNR is low, the AWGN channel results in the best BER performance. Design of scheduling algorithm for Transmission Control protocol (TCP) based traffic is challenging in wireless networks. Manifold processing approaches have contributed to LTE such a new version named LTE-A (Long Term Evolution-Advanced) have been defined. As LTE evolves, the length of UE category list gets longer and longer, and the interpretation of the category gets more complicated, you will need to go through many tables listed below to figure out the exact throughput capability of a UE. The physical uplink shared Channel (PUSCH) is used to transfer application data. You may know that MCS (Modulation Coding Scheme) is related to Modulation Order (Modulation Depth, e. Factors Influencing Throughput: Bandwidth: The available data rate in the LTE network. How to Optimize Throughput. 306 with the tables showing Jun 27, 2011 · So, for example, if we think LTE cell will provide 100 Mbps of throughput while in reality can only do 50 Mbps, the operator will be short by 50% of capacity in the access network resulting in poor user experience (e. Among these approaches, we can e. Throughput vs. Asynchronous HARQ – used in LTE Downlink transmission. May 23, 2024 · Minimizing all these factors is critical to increasing throughput speed and data performance. However, typically in the M2M domain simpler LTE modules such as Cat 4 are used more often, providing peak throughput of downlink 150 Mbps and uplink 50 Mbps. Example 1 > PHY throughput and RLC Throughput in a drive test Following plot is from the data captured by a drive test tool Azenqos Drive Test tool (AZQ Android). The coverage area for the LTE 800 MHz base area in the Kumpuvaara area had a maximum distance of 17. To achieve high throughput performance, in addition to an This page describes 5G Throughput Test case, Test procedure and minimum conformance requirements. So, in stead of directly jumping into max throughput test, increase the throughput step-by-step and check CPU utilization (e. 213 10. This type of HARQ UE Category for PHY layer throughput . Speed. For TDD Case: You can find them. Throughput Optimization. Here are some common reasons for low throughput in network: 1. 3 Carrier frequency and EARFCN. Let’s assume, the UE is in good radio condition and its capability is available for 150 Mbps for downlink and 50 Mbps for uplink. Downlink and uplink are focused within the scope of this paper. 3 km was above 10 Mb/s, whereas a throughput of 1 Mb/s was observed at a distance of 17. Dec 29, 2022 · DL Throughput = (DRB Data Transmitted – Last TTI data) / Time Elapsed where DRB stands for Data Radio Bearer. This is the real measurement showing the correlation between SINR and Throughput. HI all,Please go through video of Throughput Calculation in LTE (FDD & TDD) # How to Calculate LTE Data Rate. The quality of DL-Throughput is a critical element for video streaming and gaming. eNB estimate of the throughput of PDCP SDU bits in uplink for packet sizes or data bursts (where a UL data burst is the collective data received while the eNB estimate of the UE buffer size is continuously above zero) that are large enough to require transmissions to be split across several TTIs, by excluding transmission of the last piece of data. However real ratio of useful bits to total transmitted bits (useful bits plus parity bits) depends on actual radio link quality as not all data generated by Turbo encoder can be transmitted (just as much as needed to perform Aug 30, 2011 · From both analysis and simulation results, it is shown that the system throughput of all the proposed schemes are better than that of the scheme in [7], and the MCS selection scheme using harmonic mean based effective packet-level SINR almost reaches the optimal performance and significantly outperforms the other proposed schemes. 11ad wimax Zigbee z-wave GSM LTE UMTS Bluetooth UWB IoT satellite Antenna RADAR LTE network base on live data and to examine the validity of different downlink throughput and inter-site distance in a realistic LTE deployment. Another notice is calculated throughput includes LTE headers (i. For this reason, LTE may also be called 3. Last TTI with data is an indicator that the data transmitted has finished, and does not add to the user throughput so is normally removed from the equation. Optimization. In normal DL or UL subframe, TBS/subframe can be calculated in the same way as in FDD. In LTE Turbo encoder is used with 1/3 code rate (i. Jun 28, 2021 · LTE Advanced (LTE-A) technology has been developed by the third generation partnership project in order to facilitate increase in mobile data traffic. In reality throughput will be a bit lower due to increased number of pilot signals. 3 km. 211 communication standards and allows you to calculate Max LTE Users depend on Bandwidth, CFI format, Aggregation CCE levels, DCI, etc. 10, Fig. Ares(2015)1917862 - 06/05/2015 Analysis of MAC-level Throughput in LTE Systems with Link Rate Adaptation and HARQ Protocols Raffaele Bruno∗ , Antonino Masaracchia∗,† , Andrea Passarella∗ and Stefano Mangione† ∗ Institute of Informatics and Telematics (IIT) CNR, Pisa, Italy Email: {name. Use this calculator to calculate LTE throughput, and carrier aggregation Throughput. In 2008, the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) recommended that data throughput on LTE networks needs to be as high as 1 Gb/s in ideal low-mobility circumstances. Following plot is from the data captured by a drive test tool Azenqos Drive Test tool (AZQ Android). 912 Feasibility study for Further Advancements for E-UTRA (LTE-Advanced) Mar 30, 2023 · HARQ for LTE Uplink and Downlink. Dec 1, 2023 · UL Throughput comparison: From Fig. Followings are some of the items that is worth noticing from 3GPP 36. UMTS - CQI vs Throughput . g, you can monitor the CPU utilization using Windows Task Manager) Throughput Calculation - TDD . Ericsson defined throughput (UL or DL) is "the speed at which packets are being transferred by the time the first packet has been scheduled in the air interface". 3% when Scheme 2b is compared to Scheme 0 (Table 6). This modulation order is defined as a Parameter called Qm in 3GPP and the relationship between MCS value and Qm is defined in a little bit differently for PDSCH and PUSCH in the three tables Oct 29, 2019 · Data rate increased later with carrier aggregation and higher capability devices (Cat 6 / 9 / 12), and peak throughput of 450 Mbps or 600 Mbps is now available commercially in urban area. The ultimate goal is to support or make it suitable for the network planning and optimization of LTE. The following calculations are made for user data bit rates on IP layer (including IP headers and LTE overhead, i. edu Optimize overall throughput LTE standard provides different Quality of Service (QoS) options which enable to provide multiple services to the User Equipment (UE). Mobile wireless technologies have undergone four distinct generations; from uncomplicated voice calls in the first generation to high-speed, low latency and video streaming in the fourth generation. MIMO Modes in LTE: LTE supports various MIMO configurations, including 2x2 MIMO, 4x2 MIMO, 4x4 MIMO, and more, depending on the specific LTE release and device Oct 10, 2021 · —Table showing MIMO configurations for LTE, LTE Advanced and LTE Advanced Pro— 4G LTE and LTE Advanced networks use many techniques to improve the channel bandwidth and bit rates. Jan 11, 2024 · Although similar to DL throughput, UL throughput has special considerations to take when analyzing performance issues on a network. In this paper, we investigate resource block (RB) assignment The values shown above for the case of MIMO are double or 4 times compared to non-MIMO scenario. Then another evolution for throughput improvement started being adopted. This site is for everything on 4G/LTE. The availability of huge number of smart phone at affordable price has increase cellular data traffic May 24, 2017 · UL: same as DL. Another difference is about TBS each subframe as marked in blue. It was Carrier Aggregation (mainly Carrier Aggregation between two different bands). Actually the calculation is too simple, […] 4G LTE: 4G LTE Throughput calculator, 4G LTE Link budget calculator, 4G LTE Cell ID (ECI) Calculator, 4G LTE EARFCN calculator, 4G LTE RS RE Power calculator, 4G LTE Users (CCE) calculator, Spectral Efficiency 4G LTE calculator, 4G LTE Timing Advance Distance Calculator, EPRE (Energy Per Resource Element) Calculator, 4G Neighbor planning Feb 1, 2017 · Physical layer data throughput can be calculated accurately for different scenarios. to LTE Raj Jain Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis, MO 63130 Jain@cse. Definately this is mainly for increasing the throughput. Until recently (as of Apr 2013), most of low throughput application would belong to profile (D), like browsing, email etc. 3-1 and NDL is the downlink EARFCN. LTE throughput References This throughput often get configured with the throughput calculated at the last step of this process. Calculation of Throughput in LTE. Apr 1, 2023 · 1. 5 kHz, depending on the LTE channel bandwidth. You can select any RMC and change any settings, though care must be taken not to define an invalid configuration. FDD and TDD in LTE. 104. 95G. This plot is automatically generated by AZQ Reporting tool and I just did some cosmetic touch on the chart. 3 TDD HARQ-ACK feedback procedures (I revised the statement a little bit to make it simple and hopefully clearer) This parameter is taken with some inaccuracy, i. Likewise, Fig. Jul 1, 2011 · Firstly, a recursive PRB allocation algorithm is performed aiming at maximizing the system throughput. 12 (a) shows DL cell throughput for low network load. In LTE, end user quality of service is impacted by the cumulative effect of various nodes and interfaces. LTE level throughput (e. 22 present the BER and throughput performances of the LTE physical layer respectively, while AWGN channel was simulated to associate a fixed user, and PedB and Flat Rayleigh channels associate users with 10 km/h and 100 km/h of velocity respectively. Oct 5, 2023 · CSI helps the transmitter adjust the transmission parameters (e. Jul 12, 2022 · The proposed system employs several KPIs to predict UE DL throughput by combining machine learning and deep learning framework for a time series forecasting rather than the traditional statistical technique based on downlink traffic only. qtsul ubqyew qxrt wjhd mlcrc fkwzd emegz vmfjrl asjumq hnwujaz